In recent years, immunotherapy represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has led
to unprecedented breakthroughs in cancer treatment. However, the fact that many tumors …

Dying mammalian cells emit numerous signals that interact with the host to dictate the
immunological correlates of cellular stress and death. In the absence of reactive antigenic …

The daily removal of billions of apoptotic cells in the human body via the process of
efferocytosis is essential for homeostasis. To allow for this continuous efferocytosis, rapid …

Cancer growth represents a dysregulated imbalance between cell gain and cell loss, where
the rate of proliferating mutant tumour cells exceeds the rate of those that die. Apoptosis, the …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by low-grade inflammation
and high levels of clinical heterogeneity. Aberrant chondrocyte metabolism is a response to …

Obesity-induced chronic liver inflammation is a hallmark of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
(NASH)—an aggressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, it remains unclear …

Multiple modes of cell death have been identified, each with a unique function and each
induced in a setting-dependent manner. As billions of cells die during mammalian …

Ferroptosis is a recently recognized cell death modality that is morphologically,
biochemically and genetically distinct from other forms of cell death and that has emerged to …

Macrophages are the gatekeepers of intestinal immune homeostasis as they discriminate
between innocuous antigens and potential pathogens to maintain oral tolerance. However …

The many functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs) like exosomes and microvesicles
released from healthy cells have been well characterized, particularly in relation to their …