Until around 1990, most multigene families were thought to be subject to concerted
evolution, in which all member genes of a family evolve as a unit in concert. However …

Chemosensory receptors are essential for the survival of organisms that range from bacteria
to mammals. Recent studies have shown that the numbers of functional chemosensory …

Migratory species depend on a suite of interconnected sites. Threats to unprotected links in
these chains of sites are driving rapid population declines of migrants around the world, yet …

INTRODUCTION The mammalian nose is arguably the best chemical sensor on the planet,
able to detect and discriminate among a large and diverse repertoire of mostly small …

Drosophila olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) each express two odorant receptors (ORs): a
divergent member of the OR family and the highly conserved, broadly expressed receptor …

Olfactory perception is initiated by the recognition of odorants by a large repertoire of
receptors in the sensory epithelium. A dispersed pattern of neural activity in the nose is …

Innate behaviours are observed in naive animals without prior learning or experience,
suggesting that the neural circuits that mediate these behaviours are genetically determined …

Humans perceive an immense variety of chemicals as having distinct odors. Odor
perception initiates in the nose, where odorants are detected by a large family of olfactory …

The mammalian olfactory system detects chemicals sensed as odours as well as social cues
that stimulate innate responses. Odorants are detected in the nasal olfactory epithelium by …

Deciphering olfactory encoding requires a thorough description of the ligands that activate
each odorant receptor (OR). In mammalian systems, however, ligands are known for fewer …