Tropical and subtropical forests cover only 7% of the Earth's land surface. Yet, they host
nearly half of global tree density with a high species number (∼ 40,000 species), store up to …

Understanding social-ecological system dynamics is a major research priority for
sustainable management of landscapes, ecosystems and resources. But the lack of multi …

A bstract Today, most ecosystems show some degree of human modification, ranging from
subtle influences to complete remodeling and reshaping into anthropogenic ecosystems. In …

ABSTRACT Quaternary (last 2.6 million years) botany involves studying plant megafossils
(eg tree stumps), macrofossils (eg seeds, leaves), and microfossils (eg pollen, spores) …

We identify policies that would provide a solid foundation in key international negotiations to
ensure that primary forests persist into the 21st Century. A novel compilation of primary …

We present EU-Forest, a dataset that integrates and extends by almost one order of
magnitude the publicly available information on European tree species distribution. The core …

Better integration of knowledge from ecological, social and economic science is necessary
to advance the understanding and modelling of socio-ecological systems. To model …

Mixed or broadleaf forests were once common in many regions of Northern Europe,
whereas today conifers often dominate. The aim of the study was to investigate the spatial …

Alternative stable-state theory (ASS) is widely accepted as explaining landscape-level
vegetation dynamics, such as switches between forest and grassland. This theory argues …

Ecosystems that supported multiple biological communities during the Holocene and that
form alternative stable states pose challenges for identifying appropriate and feasible target …