Mathematical cervical spine models allow for studying of impact loading that can cause
whiplash associated disorders (WAD). However, existing models only cover the male …

Whole-body vibration (WBV) has been identified as one of the serious risk factors leading to
spinal disorders, particularly in professional drivers. Although the influential factors in this …

Solar radiation consists of direct beam, sky diffuse, and reflected radiations from the ground
and adjacent surfaces. The amount of diffuse radiation falling on solar collector depends on …

To reduce fatalities or serious injuries, the object of this study was to research skeletal
alignment in an automotive seat and clarify the differentiation by the factors of age, gender …

There is an increased need to develop female-specific injury criteria and anthropomorphic
test devices (dummies) for military and automotive environments, especially as women take …

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the whole spine alignment in automotive
seated postures for both genders and the effects of the spinal alignment patterns on cervical …

The dummies currently used for predicting vehicle occupant response during frontal crashes
or whole-body vibration provide insufficient information about spinal loads. Although they …

Objective Poor seat belt fit can result in submarining behavior and injuries to the lower
extremity and abdomen. While previous studies have explored seat belt fit relative to skeletal …

The purpose of this study is to investigate whole spinal alignment patterns in an automotive
seated posture. Image data sets of eight female and seven male seated volunteers were …

The spine is a vital part of the body's skeletal structure, connecting the entire skeletal
framework and providing stability to the torso, head, and neck. When the spine is diseased …