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All plant and animal species arise by speciation—the evolutionary splitting of one species
into two reproductively incompatible species. But until recently our understanding of the …

Sexual reproduction is a fundamental aspect of life. It is defined by the occurrence of meiosis
and the fusion of two gametes of different sexes or mating types. Sex-determination …

Living things are organized in a hierarchy of levels. Genes group together in cells, cells
group together in organisms, and organisms group together in societies. Even different …

Recent decades have witnessed an explosion of theoretical and empirical studies of sex
allocation, transforming how we understand the allocation of resources to male and female …

Genes are perpetually added to and deleted from genomes during evolution. Thus, it is
important to understand how new genes are formed and how they evolve to be critical …

Two empirical rules suggest that sex chromosomes play a special role in speciation. The first
is Haldane's rule–the preferential sterility and inviability of species hybrids of the …

What are the causes of natural selection? Over 40 years ago, Van Valen proposed the Red
Queen hypothesis, which emphasized the primacy of biotic conflict over abiotic forces in …

Segregation Distorter (SD) is an autosomal meiotic drive gene complex found worldwide in
natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. During spermatogenesis, SD induces …

Selfishness is pervasive and manifests at all scales of biology, from societies, to individuals,
to genetic elements within a genome. The relentless struggle to seek evolutionary …