WNT5B, a member of the WNT family of proteins that is closely related to WNT5A, is required
for cell migration, cell proliferation, or cell differentiation in many cell types. WNT5B signals …

Stress response is well appreciated to induce the expression of heat shock proteins (Hsps)
in the cell. Numerous studies have demonstrated that Hsps function as molecular …

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are suggested as candidates for
neurodegeneration therapy by autologous stem cells to overcome the lack of neural stem …

Muscle disuse in the hindlimb unloaded (HU) mice causes significant atrophy and
weakness. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving disuse-muscle atrophy …

Excessive increase in melanin pigment in the skin can be caused by a variety of
environmental factors, including UV radiation, and can result in spots, freckles, and skin …

Ethanol, which affects all body organs, exerts a number of cytotoxic effects, most of them
independent of cell type. Ethanol treatment leads to increased membrane fluidity and to …

Eusocial insect reproductive females show strikingly longer life spans than nonreproductive
female workers despite high genetic similarity. In the ant Harpegnathos saltator (Hsal) …

Background At present, sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia used on infants is well-known.
But long-time exposure to inhalation anesthetic could cause neurologic disorder, especially …

Background Women are more vulnerable than men to the neurotoxicity and severe brain
damage caused by chronic heavy alcohol use. In addition, brain damage due to chronic …

Methamphetamine (MA), a psychostimulant abused worldwide, gives rise to neurotoxicity in
the hippocampus, resulting in cognitive impairments and hippocampal volume reduction …