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Sulfur and nitrogen mustards, bis (2-chloroethyl) sulfide and tertiary bis (2-chloroethyl)
amines, respectively, are vesicant warfare agents with alkylating activity. Moreover …

Nitrogen mustard (NM), a kind of alkylating agent similar to sulfur mustard, remains a threat
to public health. However, there is nearly no satisfactory antidote for nitrogen mustard …

Sulfur mustard (SM) and nitrogen mustard (NM) are vesicant agents that cause skin injury
and blistering through complicated cellular events, involving DNA damage, free radical …

Since their use during the First World War, Blister agents have posed a major threat to the
individuals and have caused around two million casualties. Major incidents occurred not …

Nitrogen mustards are blistering chemical warfare agents which are considered to be
persistent contaminants highly resistant to decontamination. The paper describes the …

Purpose: Ocular exposure to sulfur mustard (SM) vapor causes acute loss of corneal
endothelial cells (CECs). Persistent corneal endothelial pathologies are observed in eyes …

Given that chemical warfare agents (CWAs) pose some of the largest threats to humankind,
social stability, and world peace, considerable attention has been drawn to the development …

Over one century after its first military use on the battlefield, sulfur mustard (SM) remains a
threatening agent. Due to the absence of an antidote and specific treatment, the …

Over 40% of veterans from the Persian Gulf War (GW)(1990–1991) suffer from Gulf War
Illness (GWI). Thirty years since the GW, the exposure and mechanism contributing to GWI …