Semaphorins are extracellular signaling proteins that are essential for the development and
maintenance of many organs and tissues. The more than 20-member semaphorin protein …

The corticospinal tract (CST) plays a major role in cortical control of spinal cord activity. In
particular, it is the principal motor pathway for voluntary movements. Here, we discuss:(i) the …

Functional recovery after adult CNS damage is limited in part by myelin inhibitors of axonal
regrowth. Three molecules, Nogo-A, MAG, and OMgp, are produced by oligodendrocytes …

In the vertebrate retina, establishment of precise synaptic connections among distinct retinal
neuron cell types is critical for processing visual information and for accurate visual …

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and seriously disabling adult-onset
neurological disease. Accumulating evidence indicates that various miRNAs, expressed in a …

After CNS trauma such as spinal cord injury, the ability of surviving neural elements to sprout
axons, reorganize neural networks and support recovery of function is severely restricted …

At the optic chiasm, retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) project ipsi-or contralaterally to establish
the circuitry for binocular vision. Ipsilateral guidance programs have been characterized, but …

In this review we discuss recent advances in the understanding of the development of
forebrain projections attending to their origin, fate determination, and axon guidance. Major …

Cerebellar granule cells undergo profound and rapid morphological modifications during
development while they migrate from their birthplace at the surface of the cerebellar cortex to …

Accurate motion detection requires neural circuitry that compensates for global visual field
motion. Select subtypes of retinal ganglion cells perceive image motion and connect to the …