Chagas heart disease is an inflammatory cardiomyopathy that develops in approximately
one-third of people infected with the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. One way T …

The pathophysiological roles of mast cells are still not fully understood, over 140 years since
their description by Paul Ehrlich in 1878. Initial studies have attempted to identify distinct …

It is currently believed that innate immunity is unable to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2
from the upper airways to the alveoli of high-risk groups of patients. SARS-CoV-2 replication …

Mast cells are multifarious immune cells with complex roles in tissue homeostasis and
disease. They produce a plethora of mediators that play roles in inflammation, angiogenesis …

The plasma protein factor XII (FXII) is the liver-derived zymogen of the serine protease FXIIa
that initiates an array of proteolytic cascades. Zymogen activation, enzymatic FXIIa activity …

Cruzipains are the main papain-like cysteine proteases of Trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan
parasite that causes Chagas disease. Encoded by a multigenic family, previous studies …

Trypanosoma cruzi is a remarkably versatile parasite. It can parasitize almost any nucleated
cell type and naturally infects hundreds of mammal species across much of the Americas. In …

B cell superantigens, also called immunoglobulin superantigens, bind to the variable
regions of either the heavy or light chain of immunoglobulins mirroring the lymphocyte …

Mast cells are well known to be activated via cross-linking of immunoglobulins bound to
surface receptors. They are also recognized as key initiators and regulators of both innate …

Kinins and their receptors have been implicated in a series of pathological alterations,
representing attractive pharmacological targets for several diseases. The present review …