Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a highly prevalent arrhythmia, with substantial associated morbidity
and mortality. There have been significant management advances over the past 2 decades …

Phosphorylation as a post-translational modification is critical for cellular homeostasis.
Kinases and phosphatases regulate phosphorylation levels by adding or removing …

The cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) is an intracellular Ca 2+ release channel vital for the
function of the heart. Physiologically, RyR2 is triggered to release Ca 2+ from the …

Reversible phosphorylation of ion channels and calcium-handling proteins provides precise
post-translational regulation of cardiac excitation and contractility. Serine/threonine …

Mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are important intracellular organelles. The
sites that mitochondrial and ER are closely related in structure and function are called …

We have previously demonstrated that type II ryanodine receptors (RyR2) tetramers can be
rapidly rearranged in response to a phosphorylation cocktail. The cocktail modified …

The ryanodine receptor type 2 (RyR) is a key player in Ca 2+ handling during excitation-
contraction coupling. During each heartbeat, RyR channels are responsible for linking the …

Background Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a serine/threonine-selective holoenzyme
that controls Ca2+ homeostasis and contractility of the heart via dephosphorylation of …

Chronic heart diseases, such as coronary heart disease, heart failure, secondary arterial
hypertension, and dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies, are widespread and have a …

Background: Ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) is one of the first substrates undergoing
phosphorylation upon catecholaminergic stimulation. Yet, the role of RyR2 phosphorylation …