BACKGROUND Since the 1998 European Respiratory Society (ERS) lower respiratory tract
infection (LRTI) guidelines 1 were published, the evidence on which they were based has …

Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18 (Suppl. 5): 7–14 Abstract Streptococcus pneumoniae causes
different types of acute, invasive and non‐invasive clinical infections, being the most …

Background Pneumonia is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines have reduced the burden of pneumonia, but data on the …

The lifting of non-pharmaceutical measures preventing transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (and
other viruses, including influenza viruses) raises concerns about healthcare resources and …

A 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine (PPV) has been available in the UK for
more than 20 years and is currently recommended for use in high-risk groups (HRG) of 2+ …

Background. The 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine (PPV) is currently
recommended for elderly persons and persons who are at high risk of infection. However …

As individuals advance in age, the risk of infection, bacteremia, and mortality caused by
Streptococcus pneumoniae rises. Retrospective data demonstrate that the licensed …

Vaccination is the only public-health measure likely to reduce the burden of pneumococcal
diseases. In 2010, a group of European experts reviewed evidence on the burden of …

Background Although 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine (PPV) does not
prevent community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), it might still improve outcomes in those who …

Objectives: It has long been suggested that, whereas the results of clinical studies of
pharmaceuticals are generalizable from one jurisdiction to another, the results of economic …