Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are non-digestible and structurally diverse complex
carbohydrates that are highly abundant in human milk. To date, more than 200 different …

Influenza A viruses cause pandemics when they cross between species and an
antigenically novel virus acquires the ability to infect and transmit between these new hosts …

Simple and complex carbohydrates (glycans) have long been known to play major
metabolic, structural and physical roles in biological systems. Targeted microbial binding to …

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant primary brain
tumor in humans. Here we show that gliomas can originate from differentiated cells in the …

The interaction between respiratory pathogens and their hosts is complex and incompletely
understood. This is particularly true when pathogens encounter the mucus layer covering …

The surfaces of all vertebrate cells are decorated with a dense and complex array of sugar
chains, which are mostly attached to proteins and lipids. Most soluble secreted proteins are …

Host-pathogen interactions are fundamental to our understanding of infectious diseases.
Protein glycosylation is one kind of common post-translational modification, forming …

The hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) glycoproteins of influenza A virus are
responsible for the surface interactions of the virion with the host. Entry of the virus is …

All cells in nature are covered by a dense and complex array of carbohydrates. Given their
prominence on cell surfaces, it is not surprising that these glycans mediate and/or modulate …

Abstract Background Influenza A virus (IAV) neuraminidase (NA) cleaves sialic acids (Sias)
from glycans. Inhibiting NA with oseltamivir suppresses both viral infection, and viral release …