Opioid analgesics have become a cornerstone in the treatment of moderate to severe pain,
resulting in a steady rise of opioid prescriptions. Subsequently, there has been a striking …

This paper is the twenty-third installment of the annual review of research concerning the
opiate system. It summarizes papers published during 2000 that studied the behavioral …

Nigella sativa seed extracts and its oil have been exploited for their various health benefits.
In this study, the effects of N. sativa oil on tramadol-induced tolerance and dependence and …

Memantine received marketing authorization from the European Agency for the Evaluation
of Medicinal Products (EMEA) for the treatment of moderately severe to severe Alzheimer's …

In this study, the possible role of oxidative stress and nitric oxide (NO) synthase isoforms in
the development of morphine tolerance and dependence, and effect of alpha-lipoic acid on …

Long-term administration of opiates leads to changes in the effects of these drugs, including
tolerance, sensitization and physical dependence. There is, as yet, incomplete …

In this study, the effect of thymoquinone on morphine-induced tolerance and dependence in
mice was investigated. Repeated administration of thymoquinone along with morphine …

The effects of Nigella sativa oil on morphine-induced tolerance and dependence in mice
and possible mechanism (s) of these effects were investigated, for the first time, in this study …

Metabotropic glutamate receptors type 5 (mGluR5) are implicated in regulation of synaptic
plasticity and learning, and were the focus of our investigation in human Parkinson's disease …

Rationale N-Methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors have an important role in different forms
of behavioral and neural plasticity. Evidence suggests that these receptors may also be …