Central nervous system (CNS) innate immunity plays essential roles in infections,
neurodegenerative diseases, and brain or spinal cord injuries. Astrocytes and microglia are …

Bacteria in the genus Brucella are important human and veterinary pathogens. The abortion
and infertility they cause in food animals produce economic hardships in areas where the …

Brucellosis is a highly prevalent zoonotic disease characterized by abortion and
reproductive dysfunction in pregnant animals. Although the mortality rate of Brucellosis is …

Innate immune response against Brucella abortus involves activation of Toll-like receptors
(TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs). Among the NLRs involved in the recognition of B …

Porphyromonas gingivalis is a gram-negative anaerobic periodontal pathogen that persists
in dysbiotic mixed-species biofilms alongside a dense inflammatory infiltrate of neutrophils …

Brucella spp. impedes the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by its outer membrane
protein Omp25 in order to promote survival and immune evasion. However, how Omp25 …

The innate immune system is essential for the detection and elimination of bacterial
pathogens. Upon inflammasome activation, caspase-1 cleaves pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18 to …

Objective Macrophages could be fully polarized and acquire specific phenotype like M1,
which considered to be essential for the alveolar bone destruction during the development …

Staphylococcus aureus is a major causative agent of osteomyelitis in adults and children.
The increasing incidence of antimicrobial resistant isolates and the morbidity of this type of …

Brucella abortus is a Gram-negative intracellular bacterial pathogen that causes a zoonosis
of worldwide occurrence, leading to undulant fever in humans and abortion in domestic …