Lateral interactions in the outer retina, particularly negative feedback from horizontal cells to
cones and direct feed-forward input from horizontal cells to bipolar cells, play a number of …

Abstract Circadian (24-h) clocks are cell-autonomous biological oscillators that orchestrate
many aspects of our physiology on a daily basis. Numerous circadian rhythms in …

Vertebrate ancestors had only cone-like photoreceptors. The duplex retina evolved in
jawless vertebrates with the advent of highly photosensitive rod-like photoreceptors. Despite …

Gap junctions in retinal photoreceptors suppress voltage noise and facilitate input of rod
signals into the cone pathway during mesopic vision. These synapses are highly plastic and …

Electrical synaptic transmission via gap junctions underlies direct and rapid neuronal
communication in the central nervous system. The diversity of functional roles played by …

The mammalian retina is the most unique tissue among those that display robust
circadian/diurnal oscillations. The retina is not only a light sensing tissue that relays light …

Electrical coupling, mediated by gap junctions, contributes to signal averaging,
synchronization, and noise reduction in neuronal circuits. In addition, gap junctions may also …

Mouse photoreceptors are electrically coupled via gap junctions, but the relative importance
of rod/rod, cone/cone, or rod/cone coupling is unknown. Furthermore, while connexin36 …

Photoreceptors are coupled via gap junctions in many mammalian species. Cone-to-cone
coupling is thought to improve sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio, while rod-to-cone …

Highlights•Electrical synapses have a high degree of functional plasticity.•Different
mechanisms alter electrical coupling in milliseconds to days time domains.•Steady-state …