All animals evaluate the salience of external stimuli and integrate them with internal
physiological information into adaptive behavior. Natural and sexual selection impinge on …

Most fishes experiencing challenging environments are able to adjust and adapt their
physiology and behaviour to help them cope more effectively. Much of this flexibility is …

Biotinylated dextran amine and fluorescent carbocyanine dye (DiI) were used to examine
connections of the lateral (Dl) and medial (Dm) divisions of the goldfish pallium. Besides …

Background: The telencephalon shows a remarkable structural diversity among vertebrates.
In particular, the everted telencephalon of ray-finned fishes has a markedly different …

Axonal connections between the left and right sides of the brain are crucial for bilateral
integration of lateralized sensory, motor, and associative functions. Throughout vertebrate …

The bony fishes consist of ray-finned fishes and lobe-finned fishes. In ray-finned fishes, the
forebrain forms a morphocline from the cladistian bichirs through teleosts regarding the …

The fish olfactory system processes odor signals and mediates behaviors that are crucial for
survival such as foraging, courtship, and alarm response. Although the upstream olfactory …

Anthropomorphism, the use of human characteristics as a foundation for interpreting
behavior and mental capacities of animals, is a bias undermining our understanding of other …

The distribution of calretinin (CR) in the forebrain and the olfactory system of the adult
zebrafish was studied by using immunocytochemical techniques. Previous studies in trout …

The habenulae are bilateral nuclei located in the dorsal diencephalon that are conserved
across vertebrates. Here we describe the main afferents to the habenulae in larval and adult …