ABSTRACT A behavioral syndrome is a suite of correlated behaviors expressed either
within a given behavioral context (eg, correlations between foraging behaviors in different …

Modularity is now generally recognized as a fundamental feature of organisms, one that may
have profound consequences for evolution. Modularity has recently become a major focus of …

A network of interactions is called modular if it is subdivided into relatively autonomous,
internally highly connected components. Modularity has emerged as a rallying point for …

Biological systems, from molecular complexes to whole organisms and ecological
interactions, tend to have a modular organization. Modules are sets of traits that are …

Identifying the modular components of a configuration of landmarks is an important task of
morphometric analyses in evolutionary developmental biology. Modules are integrated …

We argue that phenotypic plasticity should be broadly construed to encompass a diversity of
phenomena spanning several hierarchical levels of organization. Despite seemingly …

Morphological integration and modularity have become central concepts in evolutionary
biology and geometric morphometrics. This review summarizes the most frequently used …

Similarity of genetic and phenotypic variation patterns among populations is important for
making quantitative inferences about past evolutionary forces acting to differentiate …

▪ Abstract Variation in the subtle differences between right and left sides of bilateral
characters, or fluctuating asymmetry (FA), has long been considered to be primarily …

The mouse mandible has long served as a model system for studying the development and
evolution of complex morphological structures. We used the methods of geometric …