Since the discovery of lysosomes more than 70 years ago, much has been learned about
the functions of these organelles. Lysosomes were regarded as exclusively degradative …

Endosomes, lysosomes and lysosome-related organelles are emerging as important Ca2+
storage cellular compartments with a central role in intracellular Ca2+ signalling …

Autophagy is known to be important in presentation of cytosolic antigens on MHC class II
(MHC II). However, the role of autophagic process in antigen presentation in vivo is unclear …

All cells possess long-term, steady-state voltage gradients across the plasma membrane.
These transmembrane potentials arise from the combined activity of numerous ion channels …

Vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase)-driven proton pumping and organellar acidification is
essential for vesicular trafficking along both the exocytotic and endocytotic pathways of …

In addition to biochemical gradients and transcriptional networks, cell behavior is regulated
by endogenous bioelectrical cues originating in the activity of ion channels and pumps …

The ionic nature of endosomes varies considerably in character along the endocytic
pathway. Counter‐ion flux across the limiting membrane of endosomes has long been …

The phagocyte NADPH oxidase (NOX2) is critical for the bactericidal activity of phagocytic
cells and plays a major role in innate immunity. We showed recently that NOX2 activity in …

The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within immune cell phagosomes is critical
for antimicrobial activity and for correct antigen processing, and influences signaling …

The eukaryotic V-type adenosine triphosphatase (V-ATPase) is a multi-subunit membrane
protein complex that is evolutionarily related to F-type adenosine triphosphate (ATP) …