Three major groups of pigments, the betalains, the carotenoids, and the anthocyanins, are
responsible for the attractive natural display of flower colors. Because of the broad …

The growth conditions in different latitudes vary markedly with season, day length, light
quality and temperature. Many plant species have adapted well to the distinct environments …

This book takes a uniquely integrated approach to the study of floral biology. Flowers are the
beautiful and complex reproductive structures of the angiosperms, one of the most diverse …

Pigment stripes associated with veins (venation) is a common flower colour pattern. The
molecular genetics and function of venation were investigated in the genus Antirrhinum, in …

In nature, many flowers can open their petals into blooming flowers or furl them into buds
and simultaneously alter the petal colors under the precise control of light, temperature, pH …

Background Most angiosperms present flowers in inflorescences, which play roles in
reproduction, primarily related to pollination, beyond those served by individual flowers …

Abstract Several R2R3-MYB genes control anthocyanin pigmentation in petunia, and
ANTHOCYANIN-2 (AN2) is treated as the main player in petal limbs. However, the actual …

Different Viola species are known for their traditional use as analgesic, antitussive, febrifuge,
hipnotic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory medicinal agents. Additionally, they are …

Background: Himalayan Viola species (Banksha) are traditionally important herbs with
versatile therapeutic benefits such as antitussive, analgesic, antipyretic, antimalarial, anti …

Reproduction in many angiosperms depends on attracting animals that provide pollination
and seed dispersal services. Flowers and fleshy fruits present various features that can …