The rise of the “Top Down” method in the field of mass spectrometry-based proteomics has
ushered in a new age of promise and challenge for the characterization and identification of …

In this work, we review the physics of the liquid ejection by the application of electric fields,
paying special attention to the steady cone-jet mode of electrospray. We aim to provide a …

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of multiple metabolic complications. Physical activity
is known to increase mitochondrial content in skeletal muscle, counteracting age-related …

Only three biological pathways are known to produce oxygen: photosynthesis, chlorate
respiration and the detoxification of reactive oxygen species. Here we present evidence for a …

Two distinct microbial processes, denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation
(anammox), are responsible for the release of fixed nitrogen as dinitrogen gas (N2) to the …

Recent evidence indicates there is a role for small membrane vesicles, including exosomes,
as vehicles for intercellular communication. Exosomes secreted by most cell types can …

Several mechanisms have been proposed for histone marks to exert their functions,
including altering the physical properties of nucleosomes by neutralization of charge via …

Proteins from silver-stained gels can be digested enzymatically and the resulting peptides
analyzed and sequenced by mass spectrometry. Standard proteins yield the same peptide …

Quantitative proteomics has traditionally been performed by two-dimensional gel
electrophoresis, but recently, mass spectrometric methods based on stable isotope …

The permeability transition in human mitochondria refers to the opening of a nonspecific
channel, known as the permeability transition pore (PTP), in the inner membrane. Opening …