Conventional chemotherapeutics have been developed into clinically useful agents based
on their ability to preferentially kill malignant cells, generally owing to their elevated …

Effector CD8+ T cells are typically thought to be a homogenous group of cytotoxic cells that
produce interferon-(IFN) γ. However, recent findings have challenged this notion because …

Lipid droplets (also known as lipid bodies) are lipid-rich, cytoplasmic organelles that play
important roles in cell signaling, lipid metabolism, membrane trafficking, and the production …

The tremendous clinical success of checkpoint blockers illustrates the potential of
reestablishing latent immunosurveillance for cancer therapy. Although largely neglected in …

Although cancer chemotherapy has historically been considered immune suppressive, it is
now accepted that certain chemotherapies can augment tumor immunity. The recent …

Immunotherapy has revolutionized oncology remarkably and gained great improvements in
cancer therapy. However, tumor immunotherapy still encounters serious challenges …

Immunotherapies based on T cells have gained significant success in the treatment of
diverse cancers, however, several limitations also exist, including low response, acquired …

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the main professional antigen-presenting cells for induction of T-
cell adaptive responses. Cancer cells express tumor antigens, including neoantigens …

Cross-presentation is a critical function of dendritic cells (DCs) required for induction of
antitumor immune responses and success of cancer immunotherapy. It is established that …

Costimulatory receptors such as glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor–
related protein (GITR) play key roles in regulating the effector functions of T cells. In human …