Adenosine is a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid whose effects are triggered through the
enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Due to the rapid …

The adenosine modulation system mostly operates through inhibitory A1 (A1R) and
facilitatory A2A receptors (A2AR) in the brain. The activity‐dependent release of adenosine …

Adenosine is involved in a range of physiological and pathological effects through
membrane-bound receptors linked to G proteins. There are four subtypes of adenosine …

The field of mitochondrial ion channels has recently seen substantial progress, including the
molecular identification of some of the channels. An integrative approach using genetics …

Adenosine acts in parallel as a neuromodulator and as a homeostatic modulator in the
central nervous system. Its neuromodulatory role relies on a balanced activation of inhibitory …

Adenylate kinase and downstream AMP signaling is an integrated metabolic monitoring
system which reads the cellular energy state in order to tune and report signals to metabolic …

Adenosine kinase (ADK; EC 2.7. 1.20) is an evolutionarily conserved phosphotransferase
that converts the purine ribonucleoside adenosine into 5′-adenosine-monophosphate …

By general consensus, the omnipresent purine nucleoside adenosine is considered a major
regulator of local tissue function, especially when energy supply fails to meet cellular energy …

Intra-and extracellular adenosine levels rise in response to physiological stimuli and with
metabolic/energetic perturbations, inflammatory challenge and tissue injury. Extracellular …

Caveolae, a subset of membrane (lipid) rafts, are flask-like invaginations of the plasma
membrane that contain caveolin proteins, which serve as organizing centers for cellular …