Chronic pain is maintained in part by central sensitization, a phenomenon of synaptic
plasticity, and increased neuronal responsiveness in central pain pathways after painful …

Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity is an important mechanism leading to post ischemic
stroke damage. After acute stroke, the sudden reduction in cerebral blood flow is most …

The previous decade has seen a rapid increase in microglial studies on pain, with a unique
focus on microgliosis in the spinal cord after nerve injury and neuropathic pain. Numerous …

Chronic pain is a condition in which pain progresses from an acute to chronic state and
persists beyond the healing process. Chronic pain impairs function and decreases patients' …

Interactions between central glial cells and neurons in the pain circuitry are critical
contributors to the pathogenesis of chronic pain. In the central nervous system (CNS), two …

Activation of glial cells and neuro–glial interactions are emerging as key mechanisms
underlying chronic pain. Accumulating evidence has implicated 3 types of glial cells in the …

Clinical studies show that chronic pain is accompanied by memory deficits and reduction in
hippocampal volume. Experimental studies show that spared nerve injury (SNI) of the sciatic …

The pathophysiology of endometriosis is not completely understood, but an aberrant
immune response in the peritoneal environment seems to be crucial for the proliferation of …

Although substantial evidence has established that microglia and astrocytes play a key role
in the establishment and maintenance of persistent pain in animal models, the role of glial …

Central sensitization represents an enhancement in the function of neurons and circuits in
nociceptive pathways caused by increases in membrane excitability and synaptic efficacy as …