Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been used as an anti-tumor treatment method for a long
time and photosensitizers (PS) can be used in various types of tumors. Originally, light is an …

Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction (dPCR) is a novel method for the absolute quantification
of target nucleic acids. Quantification by dPCR hinges on the fact that the random …

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a member of the epidermal growth
factor receptor family having tyrosine kinase activity. Dimerization of the receptor results in …

Abstract BACKGROUND Digital PCR (dPCR) is an increasingly popular manifestation of
PCR that offers a number of unique advantages when applied to preclinical research …

Recently, phage display technology has been announced as the recipient of Nobel Prize in
Chemistry 2018. Phage display technique allows high affinity target-binding peptides to be …

Many genes and signalling pathways controlling cell proliferation, death and differentiation,
as well as genomic integrity, are involved in cancer development. New techniques, such as …

Context—HER2 is a membrane tyrosine kinase and oncogene that is overexpressed and
gene amplified in about 20% of breast cancers. When activated it provides the cell with …

Learning Objectives Contrast the current strengths and limitations of the three main slide-
based techniques (IHC, FISH, and CISH) currently in clinical use for testing breast cancer …

HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) receptor is a membrane tyrosine kinase
and when activated affects cell proliferation and survival. The HER2 oncogene is located on …

The year 2007 marks exactly two decades since Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-
2 (HER2) was functionally implicated in the pathogenesis of human breast cancer. This …