Cells create their own steering cues, or modify cues from their outside, for a number of
reasons. These include generating optimal, legible directional information; probing their …

Collective behaviors require coordination among a group of individuals. As a result,
individuals that are too phenotypically different from the rest of the group can be left out …

Cullins (CULs) are a core component of cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligases (CRLs), which
regulate the degradation, function, and subcellular trafficking of proteins. CULs are post …

Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) respond to mechanical stimuli caused by blood flow to
maintain vascular homeostasis. Although the oxygen level in vascular microenvironment is …

Background Aerotaxis, the chemotactism to oxygen, is well documented in prokaryotes. We
previously reported for the first time that non-tumorigenic breast epithelial cells also display …

Spatiotemporal variations of oxygen concentration affect the cell behaviors that are involved
in physiological and pathological events. In our previous study with Dictyostelium …

E3-SCF (Skp1/cullin-1/F-box protein) polyubiquitin ligases activate the proteasomal
degradation of over a thousand proteins, but the evolutionary diversification of the F-box …

Self-organization of cells is central to a variety of biological systems and physical concepts
of condensed matter have proven instrumental in deciphering some of their properties. Here …

Plasmodium falciparum undergoes sequestration within deep tissues of the human body,
spanning multiple organ systems with differing oxygen (O2) concentrations. The parasite is …

Oxygen levels vary in the environment. Oxygen availability has a major effect on almost all
organisms, and oxygen is far more than a substrate for energy production. However, less is …