Why certain viruses cross the physical barrier of the human placenta but others do not is
incompletely understood. Over the past 20 years, we have gained deeper knowledge of …

Pregnancy is a unique immunological condition in which an “immune-diplomatic” dialogue
between trophoblasts and maternal immune cells is established to protect the fetus from …

Rubella virus (RUBV), a rubivirus, is an airborne human pathogen that generally causes
mild measles-like symptoms in children or adults. However, RUBV infection of pregnant …

The Zika virus (ZIKV) is well known for causing congenital Zika syndrome if the infection
occurs during pregnancy; however, the mechanism by which the virus infects and crosses …

Graphene has been one of the most tested materials since its discovery in 2004. It is known
for its special properties, such as electrical conductivity, elasticity and flexibility, antimicrobial …

Rubella virus (RuV) infections in pregnant women, especially first-trimester infections, can
lead to congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). However, the mechanisms of fetal RuV infection …

Viruses are the most common congenital infections in humans and an important cause of
foetal malformations, neonatal morbidity, and mortality. The effects of these infections, which …

We recently published an article about myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-independent
rubella infection of keratinocytes in vitro, in which first-trimester trophoblast cells were shown …

Virus–host cell interactions in rubella virus (RuV) are of great interest in current research in
the field, as their mechanism is not yet well understood. By hypothesizing that the epithelial …

The rubella virus (RV) was the first virus shown to be teratogenic in humans. The wealth of
data on the clinical symptoms associated with congenital rubella syndrome is in stark …