Metamorphic testing is an approach to both test case generation and test result verification.
A central element is a set of metamorphic relations, which are necessary properties of the …

A test oracle determines whether a test execution reveals a fault, often by comparing the
observed program output to the expected output. This is not always practical, for example …

Software testing depends on effective oracles. Implicit oracles, such as checks for program
crashes, are widely applicable but narrow in scope. Oracles based on formal specifications …

Comprehensive, automated software testing requires an oracle to check whether the output
produced by a test case matches the expected behaviour of the programme. But the …

Metamorphic testing (MT) is an effective methodology for testing those so-called``non-
testable''programs (eg, scientific programs), where it is sometimes very difficult for testers to …

Test oracle methods have changed significantly over time, which has resulted in clear shifts
in the research literature. Over the years, the testing techniques, strategies, and criteria …

Metamorphic testing is a promising technique for testing software systems when the oracle
problem exists, and has been successfully applied to various application domains and …

Metamorphic relations (MRs) describe the invariant relationships between program inputs
and outputs. By checking for violations of MRs, faults in programs can be detected …

Metamorphic testing is well known for its ability to alleviate the oracle problem in software
testing. The main idea ofmetamorphic testing is to test a software system by checking …

Metamorphic testing has been successfully used in many different fields to solve the test
oracle problem. However, how to find a set of appropriate metamorphic relations for …