The concept of diabetic retinopathy as a microvascular disease has evolved, in that it is now
considered a more complex diabetic complication in which neurodegeneration plays a …

Purpose To review the current therapeutic options for the management of diabetic
retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME) and examine the evidence for …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the leading causes of preventable blindness, has been
considered a microcirculatory disease of the retina. However, there is emerging evidence to …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a primary cause of visual impairment worldwide. Diabetes
mellitus may be associated with ophthalmoscopically nonvisible neurovascular damage that …

The most striking features of diabetic retinopathy are the vascular abnormalities that are
apparent by fundus examination. There is also strong evidence that diabetes causes …

Diabetic retinopathy remains as a leading cause of blindness in developed countries.
Current treatments target late stages of DR when vision has already been significantly …

Purpose.: To determine which retinal layers are most affected by diabetes and contribute to
thinning of the inner retina and to investigate the relationship between retinal layer thickness …

Diabetes predominantly affects the microvascular circulation of the retina resulting in a
range of structural changes unique to this tissue. These changes ultimately lead to altered …

Since 1875, controversy has ensued over whether ocular diabetic complications are
primarily vasculopathic or neuropathic in nature. Here, we discuss the historical context by …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of visual impairment in the working-
age population. DR is a progressive eye disease caused by long-term accumulation of …