Cytokines are a class of potent immunoregulatory proteins that are secreted in response to
various stimuli and act locally to regulate many aspects of human physiology and disease …

Abstract Treatment of cancer is a double-edged sword: it should be as aggressive as
possible to completely destroy the tumour, but it is precisely this aggressiveness which often …

Efforts to influence the biology of blood vessels by gene delivery have been hampered by a
lack of targeting vectors specific for endothelial cells in diseased tissues. Here we show that …

VEGF is unique among angiogenic growth factors because it disrupts endothelial barrier
function. Therefore, we considered whether this property of VEGF might contribute to tumor …

Previous studies in small series of patients with invasive breast cancer suggested a
prognostic value of Ep-CAM overexpression in primary tumor tissue. To corroborate these …

Several cytokines have been investigated in clinical trials, based on their potent therapeutic
activity observed in animal models of cancer and other diseases. However, substantial …

Cytokines have long been used for therapeutic applications in cancer patients. Substantial
side effects and unfavorable pharmacokinetics limit their application and may prevent dose …

With eleven therapeutic antibodies approved worldwide and many more in clinical trials,
research on antibody engineering has continued to escalate and expand. This review …

Advances in genetic engineering and expression systems have led to rapid progress in the
development of antibodies fused to other proteins. These 'antibody fusion proteins' have …

Cytokines are key mediators of immune responses that can modulate the antitumor activity
of immune cells. Cytokines have been explored as a promising cancer immunotherapy …