Biodiversity is unevenly distributed on Earth and hotspots of biodiversity are often
associated with areas that have undergone orogenic activity during recent geological history …

Biotic interactions drive key ecological and evolutionary processes and mediate ecosystem
responses to climate change. The direction, frequency, and intensity of biotic interactions …

Using full-colour palaeogeographical maps from the Cambrian to the present, this
interdisciplinary volume explains how plate motions and surface volcanism are linked to …

The linking of North and South America by the Isthmus of Panama had major impacts on
global climate, oceanic and atmospheric currents, and biodiversity, yet the timing of this …

The Amazonian rainforest is arguably the most species-rich terrestrial ecosystem in the
world, yet the timing of the origin and evolutionary causes of this diversity are a matter of …

Abstract The Neotropical region (tropical America) is the most species rich region on Earth.
Several causes have been proposed to explain this extraordinary biodiversity, which may be …

The origin of extant neotropical biodiversity has been a controversial topic since the time of
Darwin. In this review, I discuss the timing of, and potential driving factors associated with …

The geological record preserves evidence for two fundamental stages in the evolution of
Earth's biosphere, a microbial stage from~ 3.5 to 0.65 Ga, and a metazoan stage evident by …

Andean orogeny is considered as one of the most important events for the development of
current plant diversity in South America. We compare available phylogenetic studies and …

The rise of the Isthmus of Panama, linked to a number of climatic, paleoceanographic, and
biological events, has been studied mostly from indirect, often distal, geochemical and biotic …