Introduction The combination of patterns is a frequent and challenging situation in the daily
laboratory routine of autoantibodies testing using HEp-2 cells indirect immunofluorescence …

Introduction: Autoimmunity is the immune response of antibodies against normal cellular
components. With the advent of serological testing for autoimmune disorders, detection of …

Background Autoimmune disorders have shown an increasing incidence in the last few
years. The systemic response to the disorder is characterized by the expression of …

Methods This was an observational cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary care
hospital in South India over a period of one year. Patients diagnosed to have IPAF as per the …

Background: Antinuclear antibody (ANA) testing is the first test ordered in any patient
suspected of autoimmune diseases. Often ANA indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) screening …

Background: Diagnosis of autoimmune diseases (AID) is challenging, due to overlapping
features with other non-immune disorders. Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) are sensitive …

Antinuclear antibody patterns are used as an important screening technique to diagnose
autoimmune disorders. The rising prevalence of autoimmune conditions, such as connective …

Background: Immunosuppressants are used commonly in two conditions: to prevent graft
versus host rejection in transplantation and autoimmune disorders. Autoimmune diseases …

Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are significant biomarkers that are used to detect and classify
autoimmune connective tissue disorders more efficiently. This paper provides a thorough …

Autoimmune diseases are chronic hypersensitive diseases that occur due to an inability of
the immune system to recognize self-antigens as part of its system. Antinuclear …