The family of interferon (IFN) proteins has now more than reached the potential envisioned
by early discovering virologists: IFNs are not only antivirals with a spectrum of clinical …

Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are multiprotein aqueous channels that penetrate the
nuclear envelope connecting the nucleus and the cytoplasm. NPCs consist of multiple …

Nuclear export of mRNAs is a crucial step in the regulation of gene expression, linking
transcription in the nucleus to translation in the cytoplasm. Although important components …

In Lotus japonicus, seven genetic loci have been identified thus far as components of a
common symbiosis (Sym) pathway shared by rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. We …

The NS1 protein of influenza A virus is a major virulence factor that is essential for
pathogenesis. NS1 functions to impair innate and adaptive immunity by inhibiting host signal …

Plant immune responses depend on dynamic signaling events across the nuclear envelope
through nuclear pores. Nuclear accumulation of certain resistance (R) proteins and …

Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are built from∼ 30 different proteins called nucleoporins or
Nups. Previous studies have shown that several Nups exhibit cell-type-specific expression …

Both plants and animals contain nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat (NB-
LRR)-type immune receptors that function during defense against pathogens. Unlike animal …

The interaction of nuclear pore proteins (Nups) with active genes can promote their
transcription. In yeast, some inducible genes interact with the nuclear pore complex both …

The study of the Nuclear Pore Complex (NPC), the proteins that compose it (nucleoporins),
and the nucleocytoplasmic transport that it controls have revealed an unexpected layer to …