Human lifestyle and dietary behaviors contribute to disease onset and progression.
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), considered multifactorial disorders, have been …

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by chronic progressive degeneration of the
structure and function of the nervous system, which brings an enormous burden on patients …

Neurodegenerative diseases generally result in irreversible neuronal damage and neuronal
death. Cell therapy shows promise as a potential treatment for these diseases. However, the …

Astrocyte activation plays an important role during disease-induced inflammatory response
in the brain. Exosomes in the brain could be released from bone marrow (BM)-derived stem …

Ras homolog (Rho)-associated kinases (ROCKs) belong to the serine-threonine kinase
family, which plays a pivotal role in regulating the damage, survival, axon guidance, and …

Stem cell transplantation is a promising method in the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI).
Researches have shown that stem cell-derived exosomes as well as its contents such as …

Tissues undergo a process of degeneration as the body ages. Mesenchymal stem cells
(MSCs) have been found to have major potential in delaying the aging process in tissues …

The term extracellular vesicles (EVs) refers to a variety of heterogeneous nanovesicles
secreted by almost all cell types, primarily for intercellular communication and maintaining …

Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurological disorder characterized by a reduction in
medium-spiny neurons in the brain. Currently, there is no cure for HD and treatment relies …

Neurodegenerative diseases are progressive and uncontrolled gradual loss of motor
neurons function or death of neuron cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and the …