The epilepsies are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by the propensity to
experience spontaneous recurrent seizures. Epilepsies can be genetic or acquired, and the …

There is growing evidence that ketone bodies, which are derived from fatty acid oxidation
and usually produced in fasting state or on high-fat diets have broad neuroprotective effects …

In a state of balance between oxidants and antioxidants, free radicals play an advantageous
role of “redox messengers”. In a state of oxidative stress, they trigger a cascade of events …

Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress are common
underlying events in neurodegeneration. This pathogenic “triad” characterizes the …

Many studies show that glucose metabolism in epileptic brain areas can be impaired.
Energy is crucial to maintain normal brain function, including ion and neurotransmitter …

Mitochondria play an essential role in bioenergetics and respiratory functions for cell viability
through numerous biochemical processes. To maintain mitochondria quality control and …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in young adults
worldwide. TBI survival is associated with persistent neuropsychiatric and neurological …

Though succinate accumulation is associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS)
production and neuronal injury, which play critical roles in epilepsy, it is unclear whether …

Mitochondria are essential for proper cellular function through their critical roles in ATP
synthesis, reactive oxygen species production, calcium (Ca2+) buffering, and apoptotic …

There has been growing evidence for a critical role of oxidative stress in neurodegenerative
disease, providing novel targets for disease modifying treatments. Although antioxidants …