For several decades, there has been considerable interest in marine‐derived long chain n‐3
fatty acids (n‐3 LCPUFAs) due to their outstanding health benefits. n‐3 LCPUFAs can be …

Although activity that induced tumor regression was observed and termed tumor necrosis
factor (TNF) as early as the 1960s, the true identity of TNF was not clear until 1984, when …

There is now strong evidence of progressive neuropathological processes in bipolar
disorder (BD). On this basis, the current understanding of the neurobiology of BD has shifted …

Personalized medicine is rapidly becoming a reality in today's physical medicine. However,
as yet this is largely an aspirational goal in psychiatry, despite significant advances in our …

Objective: To review extant literature implicating inflammation in the pathophysiology of
bipolar disorder. Furthermore, we review evidence regarding the anti-inflammatory actions …

BACKGROUND: The neurobiology of bipolar disorder is not completely understood.
Cytokines have received increasing attention as potential mediators of the interaction with …

Reports of cognitive decline, symptom worsening and brain atrophy in bipolar disorder (BD)
suggest that the disease progresses over time. The worsening neuropathology may involve …

Major depressive disorder and a major depressive episode (MDD/MDE) are characterized
by activation of the immune-inflammatory response system (IRS) and the compensatory …

Bipolar I disorder (BD) has a poorer longer-term outcome than previously thought, with
persistent cognitive impairment and functional decline. The neurobiological underpinnings …

Background: Reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels have been reported
in the serum and plasma of patients with psychosis. The aim of this cross-sectional case …