We present the occurrence rates for rocky planets in the habitable zones (HZs) of main-
sequence dwarf stars based on the Kepler DR25 planet candidate catalog and Gaia-based …

Conventional definitions of habitability require abundant liquid surface water to exist
continuously over geologic timescales. Water in each of its thermodynamic phases interacts …

Context. Plate tectonics is considered a fundamental component for the habitability of the
Earth. Yet whether it is a recurrent feature of terrestrial bodies orbiting other stars or unique …

The liquid water habitable zone (HZ) describes the orbital distance at which a terrestrial
planet can maintain above-freezing conditions through regulation by the carbonate-silicate …

Volcanic gases supplied a large part of Earth's early atmosphere, but constraints on the
value of this flux are scarce. Here we model how COH outgassing could have evolved …

We investigate the climate modes and climate evolution of Earth-like planets—specifically
planets that receive lower insolation than the present Earth—to discuss the outer limits of the …

This paper describes the habitable energy balance model for exoplanet observations
(HEXTOR), which is a model for calculating latitudinal temperature profiles on Earth and …

In the near-future, atmospheric characterization of Earth-like planets in the habitable zone
will become possible via reflectance spectroscopy with future telescopes such as the …

Volcanism is a major and long‐term source of volatile elements such as C and H to Earth's
atmosphere, likely has been to Venus's atmosphere, and may be for exoplanets. Models …

As the number of detected rocky extrasolar planets increases, the question of whether their
surfaces could be habitable is becoming more pertinent. On Earth, the long-term carbonate …