As a ubiquitous degradation process in cells, autophagy plays important roles in various
biological activities. However, the abnormality of autophagy is closely related to many …

Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies in women worldwide. Early-stage
breast cancer is considered a curable disease; however, once distant metastasis occurs, the …

Metastasis represents one of the most dangerous issue of cancer progression, characterized
by intricate interactions between invading tumor cells, various proteins, and other cells on …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) severely blocks the intracranial accumulation of most
systemic drugs. Inspired by the contribution of the bacterial outer membrane to Escherichia …

In the past few decades, the development of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitors for
cancer treatment has not stopped. About twenty compounds have been evaluated in the …

During tumor development and progression, intrinsic and extrinsic factors trigger
endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response, resulting in the …

The 94 kDa molecular chaperone, glucose‐regulated protein 94 (Grp94), has garnered
interest during the last decade due to its direct association with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) …

Receptor‐mediated vesicular transport has been extensively developed to penetrate the
blood‐brain barrier (BBB) and has emerged as a class of powerful brain‐targeting delivery …

As a devastating disease, breast cancer has been responsible for decrease in life
expectancy of females and its morbidity and mortality are high. Breast cancer is the most …

Brain metastases represent a substantial amount of morbidity and mortality in breast cancer
(BC). Metastatic breast tumor cells committed to brain metastases are unique because they …