Abstract Background Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential toxic heavy metal, an environmental
toxicant, and toxic at a low concentration, and it has no known beneficial role in the human …

Cadmium is a non-essential trace metal that has strong teratogenic and mutagenic effects in
living organisms. The content is more highly enriched in women than in men and can enter …

Several millions of people are exposed to cadmium worldwide due to natural and
anthropogenic activities that led to their widespread distribution in the environment and have …

The burden of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth and low birth weight is
considerable across the world. Several risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes have …

Objective The objective of the current study is to report on urine, blood and serum metal
concentrations to characterize exposures to trace elements and micronutrient levels in both …

Background: Reduced fetal growth increases the risk for adverse health outcomes. Growing
evidence suggests that metal exposures contribute to reduced fetal growth, but little is …

Previous epidemiological studies have reported that prenatal exposure to metals might have
influence on fetal growth. Most studies assessed the effect of individual metals, while the …

Cadmium is a ubiquitous, non-essential metal that has earned a spot on the World Health
Organizations top 10 chemicals of major public health concern. The mechanisms of …

Abstract The US FDA initiative, Closer to Zero, identifies actions the agency will take to
reduce toxic element exposure from foods eaten by babies and young children with the goal …

The quality of the intrauterine environment, in which the placenta plays a critical role, affects
birth outcomes and lifelong health. The effect of metal contaminants on the growth and …