The comet assay is a versatile method to detect nuclear DNA damage in individual
eukaryotic cells, from yeast to human. The types of damage detected encompass DNA …

Changes in the genetic material can lead to serious human health defects, as mutations in
somatic cells may cause cancer and can contribute to other chronic diseases. Genotoxic …

Simple Summary Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly incident and deadly malignant
neoplasia, and only a few anti-HCC drugs are currently available. Thus, the development of …

Only a few preclinical findings are confirmed in the clinic, posing a critical issue for clinical
development. Therefore, identifying the best preclinical models can help dissect molecular …

The pharmacokinetic and safety assessment of drug candidates is becoming increasingly
dependent upon in vitro models of hepatic metabolism and toxicity. Predominant among …

Propranolol is a widely used β-blocker that can generate a nitrosated derivative, N-nitroso
propranolol (NNP). NNP has been reported to be negative in the bacterial reverse mutation …

Genotoxic compounds may be detoxified to non-genotoxic metabolites while many pro-
carcinogens require metabolic activation to exert their genotoxicity in vivo. Standard …

N-nitrosamine impurities have been increasingly detected in human drugs. This is a safety
concern as many nitrosamines are mutagenic in bacteria and carcinogenic in rodent …

Genotoxicity testing is critical for predicting adverse effects of pharmaceutical, industrial, and
environmental chemicals. The alkaline comet assay is an established method for detecting …

Toxicology is facing a major change in the way toxicity testing is conducted by moving away
from animal experimentation towards animal-free methods. To improve the in vitro …