This study reviewed conceptualizations and operationalizations of second language (L2)
listening constructs. A total of 157 peer-reviewed papers published in 19 journals in applied …

Even though the field of applied linguistics has witnessed a growth of research in the areas
of comprehension (listening and reading) subskills, there is currently no universally …

Now in its second edition, this reader-friendly text offers a comprehensive treatment of
concepts and knowledge related to teaching second language (L2) listening, with a …

Reading comprehension in a foreign language (FL) is a complex process with many
underlying cognitive components. Many second language researchers have tried to explain …

The distinguishing feature of dynamic assessment (DA) is the dialectical integration of
assessment and instruction. However, how to design the targeted instruction or mediation …

Listening is a critically important skill for personal, academic and professional success. Yet it
is an area of language development that many learners find most challenging. School and …

This chapter begins with a description of the nature of second language (L2) listening that
involves various enabling skills, cognitive processes and types of listening. It gives an …

Cognitive diagnostic models (CDMs) show great promise in language assessment for
providing rich diagnostic information. The lack of a full understanding of second language …

Local language tests are an arena where national language standards can be
operationalized to create a hub for integrating assessment results and language support …

Cognitive Diagnostic Models are a class of multidimensional categorical latent trait models
which provide diagnostic information by reporting examinees' mastery profiles on a set of …