Infections arising from multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria are spreading rapidly
throughout the world and threaten to become untreatable. The origins of resistance are …

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters constitute one of the largest and most ancient
protein superfamilies found in all living organisms. They function as molecular machines by …

Members of the ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily translocate a broad
spectrum of chemically diverse substrates. While their eponymous ATP‐binding cassette in …

Tripartite efflux pumps and the related type 1 secretion systems (T1SSs) in Gram-negative
organisms are diverse in function, energization, and structural organization. They form …

Most bacteria are surrounded by a peptidoglycan cell wall that defines their shape and
protects them from osmotic lysis. The expansion and division of this structure therefore plays …

Bacterial multidrug efflux pumps have come to prominence in human and veterinary
pathogenesis because they help bacteria protect themselves against the antimicrobials …

The MacB ABC transporter forms a tripartite efflux pump with the MacA adaptor protein and
TolC outer membrane exit duct to expel antibiotics and export virulence factors from Gram …

The peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall produced by the bacterial division machinery is initially
shared between the daughters and must be split to promote cell separation and complete …

Acinetobacter spp. have become of increased clinical importance as studies have shown the
antimicrobial resistant potential of these species. Efflux pumps can lead to reduced …

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are essential proteins that are found across all
kingdoms of life. ABC transporters harness the energy of ATP hydrolysis to drive the import …