Systemic inflammation is associated with chronic disease and is purported to be a main
pathogenic mechanism underlying metabolic conditions. Microbes harbored in the host …

Compelling evidence supports the concepts that gut microbiota actively promotes weight
gain and fat accumulation and sustains, indirectly, a condition of low-grade inflammation …

Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors that recognize pathogen‐
associated molecular patterns and signal through adaptor molecules, myeloid differentiation …

Alcohol is the most common cause of liver disease in the world. Chronic alcohol
consumption leads to hepatocellular injury and liver inflammation. Inflammatory cytokines …

Metabolic reprogramming is implicated in macrophage activation, but the underlying
mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the NOTCH1 pathway …

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Mood and cognition alterations play a role in the motivation for
alcohol-drinking. Lipopolysaccharides are known to stimulate inflammation that was shown …

The Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) that recognizes endotoxin, a trigger of inflammation in
alcoholic liver disease (ALD), activates two signaling pathways utilizing different adapter …

Chronic liver disease encompasses diseases that have various causes, such as alcoholic
liver disease (ALD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Gut microbiota …

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a multifaceted disease that is characterized by hepatic
steatosis or fat deposition and hepatitis or inflammation. Over the past decade, multiple lines …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the leading causes of death worldwide, has a
causal nexus with liver injury, inflammation, and regeneration that accumulates over …