Semaphorins are extracellular signaling proteins that are essential for the development and
maintenance of many organs and tissues. The more than 20-member semaphorin protein …

The fertility and survival of an individual rely on the ability of the periphery to promptly,
effectively, and reproducibly communicate with brain neural networks that control …

A genetic basis of congenital isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) can be
defined in almost 50% of cases, albeit not necessarily the complete genetic basis. Next …

Cell migration is a fundamental process that occurs during embryo development. Classic
studies using in vitro culture systems have been instrumental in dissecting the principles of …

Natural fluctuations in physiological conditions require adaptive responses involving rapid
and reversible structural and functional changes in the hypothalamic neuroendocrine …

Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons originate the nasal placode and migrate
into the brain during prenatal development. Once within the brain, these cells become …

Persistent free-running circannual (approximately year-long) rhythms have evolved in
animals to regulate hormone cycles, drive metabolic rhythms (including hibernation), and …

The development of Gonadotropin releasing hormone-1 (GnRH) neurons is important for a
functional reproduction system in vertebrates. Disruption of GnRH results in hypogonadism …

Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons are hypothalamic neuroendocrine cells
that control sexual reproduction. During embryonic development, GnRH neurons migrate …

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is the master regulator of the hypothalamic-
pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, and therefore of fertility and reproduction. The release pattern …