To reconstruct past environmental changes, a range of indirect or proxy approaches can be
applied to Quaternary archives. Here, we review the complementary and novel insights that …

Faecal matter is commonly recovered from archaeological sites related to human/animal
activity. The identification of its source is essential to understand the domestication process …

Olfaction has profoundly shaped human experience and behaviour from the deep past
through to the present day. Advanced biomolecular and 'omics' sciences enable more direct …

Herbivory plays a significant role in regulating many contemporary terrestrial plant
ecosystems, but remains an imperfectly understood component of past ecosystem dynamics …

The interest in the identification of animal species housed in caves or rock-shelters used as
livestock pen and herding management along prehistoric and historic ages, is increasing to …

Direct evidence of ancient human occupation is typically established through archaeological
excavation. Excavations are costly and destructive, and practically impossible in some lake …

Lake settlements, particularly crannogs, pose several contradictions—visible yet
inaccessible, widespread yet geographically restricted, persistent yet vulnerable. To further …

Lipids are a diverse group of organic chemicals defined by their solubility in organic
solvents; this property forms the basis for their extraction from archaeological, biological, and …

The study of the urban context in the contemporary center of Portugal's capital city
uncovered traces of daily lives that were abruptly interrupted and utterly transformed by the …

Introduction Soil at the Roman site of Vindolanda (Northumberland, UK) provides excellent
preservation of wooden artefacts including Roman writing tablets. Methods In this study we …