Orbital reconstruction is one of the most challenging tasks of the surgeon who treats
craniofacial trauma. Suboptimal outcomes may lead to debilitating morbidity with significant …

Endoscopic surgery of the orbit, periorbital region, and adjacent areas of the anterior and
middle cranial fossae and brain has gained significant popularity over the last decade …

Aim The study aimed to define the coursing pattern of the anterior ethmoidal artery in the
orbit to minimize complications during endoscopic interventions. Materials and methods A …

Background: Endoscopic approaches to the orbit improve the ability to directly access apical
lesions while minimizing manipulation of normal structures. Inferomedial orbital access is …

Orbital fractures are common in facial trauma and can be a challenge to treat.
Understanding anatomy of the orbit, the clinical evaluation, indications for surgery, surgical …

Background Knowledge of the position of the ethmoidal arteries is critical to enable safe
endoscopic sinus and orbital surgery. The presence of a third or “middle” ethmoid variant …

Purpose To review the literature on the location of the anterior ethmoidal foramen (AEF) and
trauma during transconjunctival medial wall decompression. Methods A comprehensive …

Introduction: The aim of our study is to describe the prevalence of the accessory ethmoidal
artery in endonasal endoscopic cadaver dissections and to identify its intraorbital origin …

Introduction The advent of the endoscope has enabled the use of the endonasal approach
for a variety of diseases. Studying the ethmoidal canals is important for surgeries of the …

The anatomical landmarks of the medial orbital wall are vital for orbital surgeries.
Understanding of the medial orbital wall, the number, morphology and location of ethmoidal …