Mountain areas are biodiversity hotspots and provide a multitude of ecosystem services of
irreplaceable socio‐economic value. In the European Alps, air temperature has increased at …

Snow is an important driver of ecosystem processes in cold biomes. Snow accumulation
determines ground temperature, light conditions, and moisture availability during winter. It …

Most small rodent populations in the world have fascinating population dynamics. In the
northern hemisphere, voles and lemmings tend to show population cycles with regular …

Winter is a key driver of individual performance, community composition, and ecological
interactions in terrestrial habitats. Although climate change research tends to focus on …

The population cycles of rodents at northern latitudes have puzzled people for centuries,,
and their impact is manifest throughout the alpine ecosystem,. Climate change is known to …

Suggestions of collapse in small herbivore cycles since the 1980s have raised concerns
about the loss of essential ecosystem functions. Whether such phenomena are general and …

During the past two decades population cycles in voles, grouse and insects have been
fading out in Europe. Here, we discuss the cause and implication of these changes. Several …

Seasonal snow is among the most important factors governing the ecology of many
terrestrial ecosystems, but rising global temperatures are changing snow regimes and …

For many terrestrial organisms in the Northern Hemisphere, winter is a period of resource
scarcity and energy deficits, survivable only because a seasonal refugium–the “subnivium” …

This Review presents a broad overview of adaptations of truly Arctic and Antarctic mammals
and birds to the challenges of polar life. The polar environment may be characterized by …