The renewal and sustainability of the forest stands are attained through regeneration. There
are three basic methods to regenerate high forest stands: natural regeneration, direct …

Indirect interactions occur when the effect of one species on another is mediated by a third
species. These interactions occur in most multi‐species assemblages and are diverse in …

Land-use planning practice and policy are still lacking a landscape perspective that takes
into account landscape history integrated with land suitability. This article presents a method …

In coastal China, the exotic invasive Spartina alterniflora is preventing the establishment of
native mangroves. The use of exotic species, control of exotic plant invasion and restoration …

Key message Competitive interactions change over time and their influence on tree growth
is intensified during drought events in marginal Scots pine populations. Abstract Competition …

Mediterranean-climate oak woodlands, including those in North America and in the
Mediterranean basin, are human-shaped ecosystems with high biodiversity value, which …

Direct and indirect interactions among plants contribute to shape community composition
through above‐and belowground processes. However, we have not disentangled yet the …

Mediterranean ecosystems face threats from both climate change and shrub invasion. As
shrub cover increases, competition for water intensifies, exacerbating the negative effects of …

In the Mediterranean, non-serotinous pinewoods are suffering an increasing occurrence of
high-severity crown fires that usually drive vegetation shifts to fire-adapted communities and …

Dehesas are traditional silvo-pastoral systems with scattered oak trees that maintain
considerably high biodiversity. Over the last five decades, dehesas have undergone …