Animals living in the Southern Ocean have evolved in a singular environment. It shares
many of its attributes with the high Arctic, namely low, stable temperatures, the pervading …

Most molluscs possess shells, constructed from a vast array of microstructures and
architectures. The fully formed shell is composed of calcite or aragonite. These CaCO3 …

An external skeleton is an essential part of the body plan of many animals and is thought to
be one of the key factors that enabled the great expansion in animal diversity and disparity …

Biomineralization refers to the dynamic physiological processes whereby living organisms
elaborate mineralized tissues. The existence of extremely abundant molluscan species …

Extreme biomimetics is the search for natural sources of engineering inspiration that lead to
solutions that are well outside the human comfort zone (temperature, pH, salinity, pressure …

In this study, light microscope, scanning and transmission electron microscope, hematoxylin-
eosin and fluorescent staining, and mass spectrometry methods were employed to observe …

The exoskeleton outside the soft body in shelled Mollusca defends against physical damage
and parasite invasion and frequently undergoes biological and abiotic disturbance in natural …

Background Biomineralization by molluscs involves regulated deposition of calcium
carbonate crystals within a protein framework to produce complex biocomposite structures …

Motivation The molecular processes regulating molluscan shell production remain relatively
uncharacterized, despite the clear evolutionary and societal importance of biomineralization …

Molluscan shells are among the most fascinating research objects because of their diverse
morphologies and textures. The formation of these delicate biomineralized structures is a …