Primary cilia, antenna-like sensory organelles protruding from the surface of most vertebrate
cell types, are essential for regulating signalling pathways during development and adult …

Life exists in three dimensions, but until the turn of the century most electron microscopy
methods provided only 2D image data. Recently, electron microscopy techniques capable of …

Cells contain hundreds of organelles and macromolecular assemblies. Obtaining a
complete understanding of their intricate organization requires the nanometre-level, three …

Cellular versatility depends on accurate trafficking of diverse proteins to their organellar
destinations. For the secretory pathway (followed by approximately 30% of all proteins), the …

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer cells kill virus-infected and tumor cells
through the polarized release of perforin and granzymes. Perforin is a pore-forming toxin …

To coordinate cellular physiology, eukaryotic cells rely on the rapid exchange of molecules
at specialized organelle–organelle contact sites,. Endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondrial …

Across mammalian skin, structurally complex and diverse mechanosensory end organs
respond to mechanical stimuli and enable our perception of dynamic, light touch. How forces …

The ability of animal cells to sense, adhere to and remodel their local extracellular matrix
(ECM) is central to control of cell shape, mechanical responsiveness, motility and signalling …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a continuous, highly dynamic membrane compartment
that is crucial for numerous basic cellular functions. The ER stretches from the nuclear …

Most life scientists would agree that understanding how cellular processes work requires
structural knowledge about the macromolecules involved. For example, deciphering the …