The Ras/Raf/MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase)/ERK (extracellular-signal-
regulated kinase) pathway is at the heart of signalling networks that govern proliferation …

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a major group of enzymes that regulate cell-matrix
composition. MMP genes show a highly conserved modular structure. Ample evidence …

Degradation of basement membranes and stromal extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial for
invasion and metastasis of malignant cells. Degradation of ECM is initiated by proteinases …

The Ras gene product is a monomeric membrane-localized G protein of 21 kd that functions
as a molecular switch linking receptor and nonreceptor tyrosine kinase activation to …

Ras activation induces a variety of cellular responses that depend on the specific activated
effector, the intensity and amplitude of its activation, and the cellular type. Transient …

Ras proteins are guanine nucleotide–binding proteins that play pivotal roles in the control of
normal and transformed cell growth and are among the most intensively studied proteins of …

The principal guanine nucleotide exchange factors for Rho family G proteins contain tandem
Dbl-homology (DH) and pleckstrin-homology (PH) domains that catalyse nucleotide …

The ras genes give rise to a family of related GTP-binding proteins that exhibit potent
transforming potential. Mutational activation of Ras proteins promotes oncogenesis by …

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway plays a critical role in
transmitting proliferative signals generated by cell surface receptors and cytoplasmic …

Three-dimensional tumor growth is dependent on the perpetual recruitment of host blood
vessels to the tumor site. This recruitment process (mainly via angiogenesis) is thought to be …